Bathymetry is the study and mapping of the seafloor’s topography, including its depth and underwater features. It is crucial for understanding oceanographic processes, submarine geology, and the habitats of marine organisms. Modern bathymetric mapping is conducted using sonar and satellite altimetry, providing detailed images of the ocean floor.
Source Wright, J. D., & Rothwell, R. G. (2000). “Bathymetry: The Foundation of Oceanography.” In: Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science.