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Glossary archive A-Z
January 7, 2026
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April 24, 2024
Vanadinite is a bright red mineral, primarily sourced from lead deposits.
Magnetite, an iron oxide with magnetic properties, is used in steel production and catalysts.
Garnet is a group of silicate minerals used as gemstones and abrasives.
Calcite is a trigonal calcium carbonate mineral used mainly in construction for making cement.
Diorite is a tough igneous rock used in construction, art, and in research.
Shale, a fine-grained sedimentary rock, is used for natural gas, cement, and research.
Borax is a sodium borate used in cleaning and glassmaking.
Rhyolite, a silica-rich volcanic rock, is used in construction and research.
Amphibole is a diverse mineral group used for geological indicators and as insulation.
Marble, a calcium carbonate metamorphic rock, is used in sculpture, architecture, and countertops.
Mica is a group of silicate minerals with varying compositions mainly in insulation and electronics.
Monazite, a group of rare earth minerals, is a key source of rare earth elements.
Zircon is a durable mineral used in jewelry, geological dating, and ceramics.
Granite is a durable igneous rock used in construction, monuments, and countertops.
Tourmaline is a colorful boron silicate mineral used as a gemstone and in electronics.
Sandstone, composed of quartz and feldspar, is used in construction, paving, landscaping, and glassmaking.
Olivine, a magnesium iron silicate, is used in gemstones (peridot) and refractory materials.
Muscovite, a mica mineral, is used in insulation, fireproofing, and cosmetics.
Bauxite is the main aluminum ore, primarily found in Australia.
Barite is a barium sulfate mineral used in drilling, shielding, and paints.
Gneiss is a durable, banded metamorphic rock used in construction and decoration.
Halite, or rock salt, is a sodium chloride mineral used for seasoning, de-icing, and industry.
Adamite is a rare, colorful orthorhombic mineral prized by collectors for its vibrant crystals.
Basalt is a dark, fine-grained igneous rock used in construction, monuments, and geological studies.
Scorodite, a hydrated iron arsenate, is valued for arsenic containment and as a collector’s mineral.
Fluorite, a colorful calcium fluoride, is used as flux in steelmaking, glass, and as gemstones.
Biotite is a dark mica mineral used in insulation and geological studies.
Quartzite, a durable metamorphic rock made of quartz, is used in construction and countertops.
Descloizite is a lead-zinc vanadate mineral, mainly found in Namibia and Mexico.
Gypsum, a soft calcium sulfate mineral, is primarily used as plaster or in cement production.
Limestone, mainly calcium carbonate, is used in construction, cement, and water treatment.
Hematite is an iron oxide mineral used for iron ore, pigments, and radiation shielding.
Pyroxene, a silicate mineral group found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Beryl is a gemstone mineral, including emerald and aquamarine, and a source of beryllium.
Quartz, a silicon dioxide mineral, is used in jewelry and electronics.
Pyrite, or “Fool’s Gold,” is used for sulfur and iron production.
Coal, mainly carbon, is used for energy and steel production.
Schist, a layered metamorphic rock rich in mica and quartz, is often used in construction.
Galena is the main ore of lead and silver, used in batteries and shielding.
Feldspar is an aluminum silicate used in ceramics, glass, and construction.
Scheelite, a calcium tungstate, is the main source of tungsten for tools and alloys.
Chlorite, a green phyllosilicate mineral, is used as a geological indicator and industrial filler.
Dolomite is a calcium magnesium carbonate used in construction and agriculture.
Wulfenite is a bright orange or yellow mineral, prized by collectors.
Apatite is a calcium phosphate mineral found in various colors, primarily used in fertilizers.
Kernite is a boron-rich mineral used in glassmaking, detergents, and ceramics.
Talc, the softest mineral, is used in baby powder, cosmetics, ceramics, and plastics.
