Sort by

The Geologic Time Scale, Explained: Eons, Eras, Periods, etc.

Introduction

On a fine day in June 1788, three men rowed...

September 15, 2026

  • Paleontology
  • Petrology

St. Francis Dam Disaster: The Night Los Angeles Changed

Introduction

A carpenter named Ace Hopewell rode his motorcycle up San Francisquito Canyon...

September 3, 2026

  • Geohazards

Herculaneum’s Glass Brain: How Vesuvius Made Obsidian

Introduction

Sometime in the small hours of the second day, a young man...

September 1, 2026

  • Volcanology

Pangaea Ultima: The Supercontinent That Could End Mammals

Introduction

On 10 July 1913, the caretaker at Greenland Ranch, a...

August 31, 2026

  • Geophysics

The Dolomite Problem: A Mountain Range That Shouldn’t Exist

A clear bottle that would not obey

In a laboratory that...

August 30, 2026

  • Mineralogy

Geology, Explained: How Earth Works, from Rocks to Deep Time

Introduction

If you’re new here, welcome to Geoscopy, a geology science-communication project dedicated...

August 30, 2026

  • Geochemistry
  • Geohazards
  • Geomorphology
  • Geophysics
  • Paleontology
  • Petrology

How a Collapsing Glacier Drowned the Bhote Koshi Valley

Introduction

A glacier and the bedrock beneath it broke off the...

August 29, 2026

  • Geohazards

Nazaré’s Monster Waves: The Canyon Causing the Water Wall

Introduction

On the morning of 1 November 2011, a Hawaiian surfer...

August 23, 2026

  • Geomorphology

Dark Oxygen: The Deep-Sea Discovery Splitting Science

Introduction

In 2013, a benthic chamber about the size of a...

August 18, 2026

  • Geochemistry

Yonaguni Monument: Natural Formation or Man-Made Ruin?

Introduction

In the winter of 1986, a diving instructor named Kihachiro...

August 18, 2026

  • Geomorphology

Silverpit Crater: North Sea Asteroid Impact Confirmed

In the early 2000s, petroleum geoscientist Philip Allen noticed a set of concentric rings...

August 17, 2026

  • Geophysics

The Lake Peigneur Disaster: How a Drill Bit Drained a Lake

Introduction

Early on the morning of November 20, 1980, the drilling...

August 12, 2026

  • Geohazards

Missoula Floods and the Channeled Scablands

Introduction

Fly east out of Seattle, cross the Cascades, and the...

July 23, 2026

  • Geomorphology

The Ocean Inside the Earth: Water in the Mantle

Introduction

In a laboratory in Vienna, in the spring of 2009,...

July 21, 2026

  • Mineralogy
  • Petrology

Was the Cyclops in the Odyssey Real? It Was Just an Elephant

Introduction

On July 17, 2026, audiences filed into IMAX theaters to...

July 21, 2026

  • Paleontology

Two Earthquakes, 39 Seconds Apart: Inside Venezuela’s 24 June 2026 Doublet

Introduction

The Venezuela earthquake of 24 June 2026 began...

June 25, 2026

  • Geohazards
  • Geophysics

Lake Natron: The Truth About the Lake of Stone Animals

Introduction

Sometime between 2010 and 2012, the British photographer Nick Brandt...

June 22, 2026

  • Geochemistry

The Fires That Never Go Out: Earth’s Underground Coal Fires

Introduction

On Valentine’s Day 1981, twelve-year-old Todd Domboski crossed his grandmother’s...

June 15, 2026

  • Geohazards

The Rocks That Ring: Inside the Bell-Toned Boulder Fields

Introduction

On a June afternoon in 1890, in the wooded uplands...

June 14, 2026

  • Geomorphology

Opalized Fossils of Lightning Ridge

Introduction

In August 2013, an Adelaide opal buyer named Mike Poben...

June 14, 2026

  • Paleontology
Vivid green translucent mineral olivine crystal on rock matrix

Olivine

Olivine, a magnesium iron silicate, is used in gemstones (peridot) and refractory materials.

Read more
Cluster of translucent brown and amber mineral crystals (calcite)

Feldspar

Feldspar is an aluminum silicate used in ceramics, glass, and construction.

Read more
Pyrite mineral specimen with white quartz crystals

Calcite

Calcite is a trigonal calcium carbonate mineral used mainly in construction for making cement.

Read more
Transparent quartz crystal cluster with pointed formations

Quartz

Quartz, a silicon dioxide mineral, is used in jewelry and electronics.

Read more
Fossilized fish fin embedded in a gray rock slab (limestone)

Limestone

Limestone, mainly calcium carbonate, is used in construction, cement, and water treatment.

Read more
Rough translucent red garnet gemstone on black background

Garnet

Garnet is a group of silicate minerals used as gemstones and abrasives.

Read more
Rough brown swirled stone slab sample

Rhyolite

Rhyolite, a silica-rich volcanic rock, is used in construction and research.

Read more
Transparent barite crystal cluster on pink mineral matrix

Barite

Barite is a barium sulfate mineral used in drilling, shielding, and paints.

Read more
Light beige sandstone rock on a white background

Sandstone

Sandstone, composed of quartz and feldspar, is used in construction, paving, landscaping, and glassmaking.

Read more
Polished watermelon tourmaline slice with pink, yellow, and green bands

Tourmaline

Tourmaline is a colorful boron silicate mineral used as a gemstone and in electronics.

Read more
White dolomite crystal cluster on gray mineral matrix

Dolomite

Dolomite is a calcium magnesium carbonate used in construction and agriculture.

Read more
Reddish-brown porous conglomerate rock specimen (bauxite ore)

Bauxite

Bauxite is the main aluminum ore, primarily found in Australia.

Read more
Brassy metallic crystal cluster with dark needle-like mineral inclusions (pyrite)

Galena

Galena is the main ore of lead and silver, used in batteries and shielding.

Read more
Cluster of dark metallic hematite crystals

Hematite

Hematite is an iron oxide mineral used for iron ore, pigments, and radiation shielding.

Read more
Dark greenish-gray shiny metamorphic rock specimen (muscovite mineral)

Muscovite

Muscovite, a mica mineral, is used in insulation, fireproofing, and cosmetics.

Read more
Bright orange wulfenite crystal cluster on dark mineral matrix

Wulfenite

Wulfenite is a bright orange or yellow mineral, prized by collectors.

Read more
Dark bladed mineral crystal cluster on rocky matrix (Descloizite mineral)

Descloizite

Descloizite is a lead-zinc vanadate mineral, mainly found in Namibia and Mexico.

Read more
Green fluorite crystal on yellow mineral matrix

Fluorite

Fluorite, a colorful calcium fluoride, is used as flux in steelmaking, glass, and as gemstones.

Read more
Gray-green foliated metamorphic rock specimen (shist rock sample)

Schist

Schist, a layered metamorphic rock rich in mica and quartz, is often used in construction.

Read more
White kernite crystal mineral cluster

Kernite

Kernite is a boron-rich mineral used in glassmaking, detergents, and ceramics.

Read more
Blue beryl crystals with dark gray barite rosettes

Beryl

Beryl is a gemstone mineral, including emerald and aquamarine, and a source of beryllium.

Read more
White crystalline mineral rock specimen (marble specimen)

Marble

Marble, a calcium carbonate metamorphic rock, is used in sculpture, architecture, and countertops.

Read more
Black and white speckled diorite rock specimen

Diorite

Diorite is a tough igneous rock used in construction, art, and in research.

Read more
Rough gray-green rock specimen on white background (quarzite)

Quartzite

Quartzite, a durable metamorphic rock made of quartz, is used in construction and countertops.

Read more
Rough black amphibole on white background

Amphibole

Amphibole is a diverse mineral group used for geological indicators and as insulation.

Read more
Orange schneelite crystal cluster on gray bladed mineral matrix

Scheelite

Scheelite, a calcium tungstate, is the main source of tungsten for tools and alloys.

Read more
Rough translucent white talc mineral specimen

Talc

Talc, the softest mineral, is used in baby powder, cosmetics, ceramics, and plastics.

Read more
Black basalt chunk with layered, cracked texture

Basalt

Basalt is a dark, fine-grained igneous rock used in construction, monuments, and geological studies.

Read more
Dark blue crystal mineral cluster (scorodite specimen)

Scorodite

Scorodite, a hydrated iron arsenate, is valued for arsenic containment and as a collector’s mineral.

Read more
Dark red zircon crystal on pale mineral matrix

Zircon

Zircon is a durable mineral used in jewelry, geological dating, and ceramics.

Read more
Layered gray shale rock specimen on white background

Shale

Shale, a fine-grained sedimentary rock, is used for natural gas, cement, and research.

Read more
Brassy metallic crystal cluster with dark needle-like mineral inclusions (pyrite)

Pyrite

Pyrite, or “Fool’s Gold,” is used for sulfur and iron production.

Read more
Close-up of speckled gray granite rock sample

Granite

Granite is a durable igneous rock used in construction, monuments, and countertops.

Read more
Cluster of dark black mica mineral flakes (biotite)

Biotite

Biotite is a dark mica mineral used in insulation and geological studies.

Read more
Black octahedral magnetite crystals on pale rock matrix (magenetite)

Magnetite

Magnetite, an iron oxide with magnetic properties, is used in steel production and catalysts.

Read more
Greenish metamorphic rock with embedded reddish garnet crystals

Chlorite

Chlorite, a green phyllosilicate mineral, is used as a geological indicator and industrial filler.

Read more
Pink mineral crystal resting on a green stone prism (apatite)

Apatite

Apatite is a calcium phosphate mineral found in various colors, primarily used in fertilizers.

Read more
Cluster of translucent brown rectangular crystals (Vanadinite crystals)

Vanadinite

Vanadinite is a bright red mineral, primarily sourced from lead deposits.

Read more
Dark green pyroxene crystal cluster on matrix

Pyroxene

Pyroxene, a silicate mineral group found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Read more
Cluster of shiny brown layered mica crystals on black background

Mica

Mica is a group of silicate minerals with varying compositions mainly in insulation and electronics.

Read more
Green and yellow banded metamorphic rock specimen (gneiss sample)

Gneiss

Gneiss is a durable, banded metamorphic rock used in construction and decoration.

Read more
Cluster of translucent cubic crystals on a white mineral base (halite)

Halite

Halite, or rock salt, is a sodium chloride mineral used for seasoning, de-icing, and industry.

Read more
Orange and gray crystal mineral cluster specimen (monazite mineral)

Monazite

Monazite, a group of rare earth minerals, is a key source of rare earth elements.

Read more
Bright green crystalline mineral specimen on dark matrix (adamite specimen)

Adamite

Adamite is a rare, colorful orthorhombic mineral prized by collectors for its vibrant crystals.

Read more
Shiny dark gray coal specimen

Coal

Coal, mainly carbon, is used for energy and steel production.

Read more
Golden-yellow crystal cluster with elongated translucent mineral prisms (borax mineral specimen)

Borax

Borax is a sodium borate used in cleaning and glassmaking.

Read more
Transparent, faceted mineral crystal with gray and yellow tones (gypsum)

Gypsum

Gypsum, a soft calcium sulfate mineral, is primarily used as plaster or in cement production.

Read more

join.me

Geology made clear, in your inbox.

Get clear, visual explainers on rocks, minerals, deep time, and the most fascinating parts of Earth science from Geoscopy.