Bioturbation refers to the reworking of soils and sediments by living organisms, such as burrowing animals, worms, and roots. This process alters the texture, structure, and composition of sediments, playing a vital role in the formation of soil profiles and the cycling of nutrients. Bioturbation is an essential concept in sedimentology, paleontology, and soil science.
Reference: Kristensen, E., & Kostka, J. E. (2005). “Macrofaunal Burrows and Irrigation in Marine Sediment: Microbiological and Biogeochemical Interactions.” In: Interactions Between Macro- and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments, American Geophysical Union.