Cataclasite is a type of fault rock formed by mechanical fragmentation and frictional grinding during faulting, without significant recrystallization. It is typically found in fault zones and is characterized by a fine-grained matrix surrounding larger, angular fragments of rock. Cataclasites are important in understanding fault mechanics and the deformation of the Earth’s crust.
Reference: Sibson, R. H. (1977). “Fault Rocks and Fault Mechanisms.” Journal of the Geological Society, 133(3), 191-213.