Elastic rebound theory explains how energy is stored and released during an earthquake. According to this theory, stress builds up in the Earth’s crust as tectonic plates move, causing deformation. When the stress exceeds the strength of the rocks, they rupture, and the stored energy is released as seismic waves. This theory is fundamental in understanding the mechanics of earthquakes.
Reference: Reid, H. F. (1910). “The California Earthquake of April 18, 1906: Report of the State Earthquake Investigation Commission.” Carnegie Institution of Washington.