Flood frequency analysis is a statistical method used to estimate the probability of floods of different magnitudes occurring in a given area over a specific period. This analysis is vital for flood risk management, infrastructure design, and understanding the long-term behavior of river systems.
Reference: Stedinger, J. R., Vogel, R. M., & Foufoula-Georgiou, E. (1993). Frequency Analysis of Extreme Events. Handbook of Hydrology.