Geothermal energy is the heat derived from the Earth’s internal heat sources, which can be harnessed for electricity generation, direct heating, and other uses. It is a renewable energy resource that is particularly important in volcanic regions where geothermal gradients are high. The study of geothermal energy involves understanding the Earth’s heat flow, reservoir engineering, and the environmental impact of geothermal development.
Reference: Dickson, M. H., & Fanelli, M. (2004). Geothermal Energy: Utilization and Technology. Routledge.