X-ray spectroscopy is a technique used to analyze the composition and electronic structure of materials by measuring the characteristic X-rays emitted by elements when they are excited by an X-ray source. This method is significant in geochemistry and material science for identifying elements, studying chemical bonding, and understanding the properties of minerals and rocks.
Reference: Jenkins, R. (1999). “X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.” Wiley-Interscience.