Fact Sheet:
– Chemical Composition: CaSO₄·2H₂O (Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate)
– Hardness: 2 on the Mohs scale
– Crystal System: Monoclinic
– Color Varieties: White, colorless, gray, yellow, red, brown
– Major Localities: United States, China, Iran, and Spain
– Common Uses: Construction material (plaster and drywall), agricultural soil conditioner, cement additive, and sculpting medium

Introduction: Gypsum, a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, is widely used in construction and agriculture. Its name originates from the Greek word “gypsos,” meaning plaster. Gypsum’s versatility and abundance make it a critical mineral in various industrial applications, from building homes to improving soil quality.

Formation: Gypsum forms through the evaporation of seawater in sedimentary environments. This process results in the precipitation of gypsum from saline solutions. Gypsum deposits are typically found in extensive beds associated with other evaporite minerals like halite and anhydrite.

Types and Colors:
– Selenite: Transparent and colorless, often found in well-formed crystal structures.
– Alabaster: Fine-grained, white or lightly tinted, used in sculpture and decoration.
– Satin Spar: Fibrous with a silky luster, commonly used as ornamental stones.
– Rock Gypsum: Massive form, typically used in industrial applications.

Localities and Mining: Significant gypsum deposits are found in the United States (notably in Oklahoma, Iowa, Nevada, and Texas), China, Iran, and Spain. These countries have extensive mining operations that supply gypsum for various industrial uses, including construction and agriculture.

Applications: Gypsum is primarily used to produce plaster and drywall (gypsum board), which are essential materials in the construction industry. It is also used as a soil conditioner in agriculture to improve soil structure and water infiltration. Additionally, gypsum is a key ingredient in the manufacturing of Portland cement and is used in sculpture and ornamental works due to its workability.