Volcanoes are one of nature’s most fascinating and powerful phenomena, serving as awe-inspiring reminders of the Earth’s dynamic internal processes. At its core, a volcano is a geological formation that occurs when molten rock, volcanic ash, and gases escape from the Earth’s crust. The molten rock, known as magma when beneath the surface and lava when it erupts, originates from the Earth’s mantle due to the melting of rock in the crust. The creation of a volcano begins with the movement of tectonic plates. When these plates diverge or converge, they can create openings or weaknesses in the Earth’s crust. Magma rises through these gaps, often pooling in magma chambers below the surface. Over time, pressure builds until the magma finds a path to the surface through vents and fissures, leading to an eruption.

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